Internal-combustion engine.



P. R. BARKER. INTERNAL GOH'BUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED JUNE 25,1913.

Patented Sept. 22, 1914* 6 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

F. R. BARKER INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATION TILED JUNE 25,1913.a 11 C351 Patented Sept.22,1914.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 2 Patented Sept. 22, 1914.

60 9/ fix iiJ fi/A RR. BARKER. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 25, 1913.

T Lufki -"Mu" p F. Pb, BARKER. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE 4 APPLICATIONFILED JUNE25,1913. 1 i 1 1 5353 Patented Sept. .22, 1914.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

. 50 4:9 fi 92 K &* \w

F. R. BARKERx INTERNAL comzsusmn ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED SUIT. 25, 1913. L Q 1 1 1 1 95 1 a Patenbed Sept 19M Iit" 23 x; 22 W 7,

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Z/zlimsses Inventor F. B. BARKER.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATION IILBD JUNE 25, 1913.

1,1 1 1,051 Patented Sept. 22, 1914,

6 SHEETS-S HBET 6,

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FREDERIC B. BQBKER, OF BRGQIQLZEQ'E, nin s-nonsense.

- essences Sept, 22, 1914.

Application filed June 25, 1913. Serial 33c. 775,823

To all whom it may concern:

c it known that I, FREDERIC B. BARKER,

zi &1loject of lhe King elf-Great Brit-sin, re-

ng at Brookline, in the county or Norfollr and State of Massachusetts,have invented new and useful Improvements in Interna- CombustionEngines, of which the following is a specification.

improvements in internal combuslion engines particularly of the fourcycle type. In this iype of engine an explosion occurs in each of thecylinders thereof for every two complete rotations of the crank shaft orfor every four complete movements of the piston and by reason of thetime Whichelnpses between the successive explosions, a large heavyfly-Wheel musteither be employeii to carry the load from one explosionto'the next or said engine must be operated at a very high rate ofspeed, or there is still another method of overcoming this (lifiicult-yand that is by providing aplurality oi cylinders thus insuringsubstantially n uniform application of energy to the crank shaft. Thelatter method seems to have the preference especially in automobileengines, but this method results in e substantial increase in the costof manufacturing the cubic owing to the large number of duplicace partsrequired.

and consequently less expensive manner, and

consists in providing a plurality of sets of cylinders one of thecylinders of each set being arranged substantially concentric with theother cylinder of that set and a single piston having bearing memberseclepte i to engage both of the cylinders in its respeclive set;

The invention further consists in providing a singl e valve for openingand closing both the inlet and exhaustports for both of thecylinders ineach set to control the admission of the combustible charge to bot-h ofsaid cylinders and the ischarge oi the burnt gases therefrom.

The invention still further consists in providing instrumentalitics forsimultaneously rotating 'ancl reciprocating said valves to control seiclgases.

The invention finally consistsin the cons bination and arrangement ofparts as set forth in the following; specification and pan ticularlypointed out in the claims.

Referring to the. drawings: Figure 1 is a.

longitudinal sectional elevation of an engine embodying my invention.Fig. 2 is s.

transverse section gartly in elevation taken on line 2-2 01 Fig. 1 andlooking in the (lirection oi the arrows on said line. Fig. 3

is a plain view of the top of the engine. Fig. m I 4 15 a session takenon the irregnlerjine ihis invention relates to new and usetul i*-'l oiFig. 1, iilustrnting t is arrangement oi the gearing for rotating illscylindrical sleeve valves. Fig. 5 is a section taken subsiovfiially onthe irregu'ar line 5'5 of Fig. 1. tinting the arrsu enient or thevarious, inlet and exhaust ajncl iaipes for the upper: cylinders. hisfigure the encire pa "es 4 i 5 interior of the manifold in full lines inthe right-hand e'mi or" sax-i figure to more clearly illustrate he same,slihough ihc secsion line does not drop as low as she center of saidpassages is in Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is section taken substantially on the lineS -'6 of Fig. 1 showing the several inlet and exhaust pas sng'es for thelower cylinders, parts ofsaid device being broken to save space: Thisfigure is also somewhat distorted to clearly illustrate the connectionsbetween the lower branch 44; oi: the passage 43 end the inn old 46 andalso illustrliting the connection between the passage 66 and theexhzius't inaniiold 31. F 7 is 51 dewil seccionul elevation taken online 7 of Fig. 6 illustrating portions or the valve operating mechanismand {Bumps Fig. 8 i's a transverse seciionol elevation taken on theirregular line 88 of Fig. 1. Fig. .9 is 2i detail section taken on line9-9 ofFig; 3. Fig. 10 is s (let-ail sicle elevation of the gear forimporting e rotary incl-ion to the valve sleeve. Fig. 11 is arievelopmeni of the valve reciprocating cam. Fig. 12 is s (level opmentof a portion ef one of the larger cylinders illustrating the inlet antiexhaust ports therefor. 13 is a development of the valve sleeveillustreuing the relative positions of the inlet sncl exhaust yorts forbo'l-h the larger and smaller cylinders. Fig. 14 is e development of aportion of one. of

the smaller cylinders. showing the zirl'ali'gement or" the inlet andexhaust ports therefor.

Like numerals refer so like parts throughout the several views of thedrawings In the drawings, 18 is an engine casing provide-(i with aplurality of perellelly arranged cylindrical chambers 19 arranged in arow and. opening into a chamber 22 which constitutes a crank shaftchamber within which a crank shaft 23 is journaled to rotate in bearings24, '25, 26 and 27. The chambers 19 are all substantially alike inconstruction and extend upwardly through said casing to the top thereofand preferably terminate in annular recesses 28, said recesses being anranged concentric with said. chambers. The upper ends of the annularrecesses 28 are each separately closed by a cvlinder head 31 which issecured to the casing 18 preferably by bolts 34'. This head is providedwith a. depending stem 35 which protrudes into the cylinder 19 and iscoi'icentrically arranged relatively thereto and constitutes a linertherefor, said stem having a. cylindrical chamber 38 substantiallysmaller in diameter than the chamber 19 and coaxially arrangedrelatively thereto. Each of said liners or stems is provided with.oppositely disposed inlet ports ll, 41 adjacent the upper ends oi thechambers 38 and these inlet ports regis ter in turn with the upper endsor branches 12 of inlet passages 43 which are formed in the casing 18outside of the chambers 19, whereby the combustible mixture may beconducted into said chambers which constitute explosion chambers. Theinlet passages 43 are also provided with lower ends or branches 44:Which are adapted to conduct portions of said combustible mixture to thelower portions 45 of the'chambers 19 through slots 48, said portions l5constituting the large expiosion chambers. A piston 49 is arranged ineach of the seve all sections of said casing and embodies in iconstruction a bearing member 50 arranged ad acent the upper end thereofand engages the walls of said smaller cylinder 38, while a largerbearing member 51 arranged adjacent to the lower end of said pistonengages the walls of the larger cylinder 45,-said larger bearing memberforming an annular shoulder against which the force of the explosionsoccurring in the cylinder 45 will be directed. The pistons so areprovided with the usual wrist pins 53 which are connected by means ofconnecting rods 5i to crank pins 55 formed on the crank shaft andarranged preferably 120 apart, as ustrated in Fig. 1. this cons uctionit \vi l be seer. that each piston performs the runction of two pistonsof the ordinary type of engine and in the present arrangement wherethree sets of cylinders are shown the results aecornplished will be thesame as though sir; cylinders and six pistons were employed. Byarranging said cylinders in one Within or substantially concentric withthe. other and near enough to permit the hearing members of the pistonto be formed inte i'al one with the other the expense of constructionwill be greatly reduced owing to the number of parts eliminated and the.reduction in sizeand length of the crank shaft and in the dimensions ofthe engine in general.

The combustible mixture is delivered to the inlet passages through amanifold 46, said manifold being connected to the casing 18 of theengine in any suitable manner with its outlet openings 47 alining withthe openings for the several inlet passages 43 respectively, while asingle supply pipe 56 conducts the mixture from the carbureter, notshown in the drawings. to said manifold.

In addition to the oppositely disposed inlet ports for the sets ofcylinders the cylinders 38 are provided with oppositely disposed exhaustports 57 which aline with exhaust passages 58 in the casing 18, whilethe cylinders 45 are provided with exhaust por said passages 58 andports 59 being united or connected by passagesGO. Each of the sets ofcylinders are provided with these passages and each of said passages 60a re connected With an exhaust manifold 61.

At the proper times in the operation of the engine the combustiblemixture is admitted to each of the sets of cylinders, which constitutethe chambers 38 and 45, by. suitable instrumentalities which admit saidmixture first to one of said chambers and then to the other. Furthermoresaid instrumentalities are adapted to permit the passage of the burntgases from said cylinders subsequently to the explosions of saidcombustible 'mixtures in said cylinders. These instru-.

inentalities include a cylindrical sleeve valve 62 proyided with exhaustopenings 63 which are adapted to be moved into alinement with the ports57 and 58, and inlet openings 64 and 65 adapted to be moved to alinewith the ports 41 and slots 48 respectively of the cylinders 38 and $5.The exhaust ports 59 for the lower or larger cylinders 45 are controlledby the lower edge 66 of said sleeve. To open and close the variousportsa-continuously rotating reciprocatory movement is imparted to saidsleeve, this compound movement being accomplished by means preferablyincluding a sleeve 67 arranged in the annular recess 28 surrounding saidvalve 62 and engaging a hardened steel ring (18 at the bottom of saidrecess and anothe steel ring 6!. arranged adjacent the upper end of saidrecess against the inner face of the cylinder head 31, said sleevehavingiaig annular gear 70- formed thereon by mean of which a rotarymotion may be imparted to said sleeve. This sleeve-is further rovidedwith oppositely disposed longitudinal slots 71 which extend for aportion of the length of said sleeve and receive studs 72 mounted uponthe-exterior surface of the alve 62 and by means of which a rotarymotion is. transmitted from said sleeve to said valve. The valve (-32 isfurther provided with rolls 73 pivotally mounted adjacent to said studs7- upon the interior'sur'face of said valve 62, said rolls 73 engaging aserpentine cam 74 arranged upon the outer face essin' the stems 35 190permit Water tQ sgbstaggcieliy 'to the bqtiem aehazn ers s s ti uingsaid jackp 93 we 9e messed adjaper feces of the cylinderheegis 31. mrs coes iing ja k t 92 t e y i de Said ehepgbers meeil ugh .7 e e isscum? {he verleus inlet' and egt haust pasv s re yl nd r whersby'ihe awew h is nelng conductseverul nlei; passages end heated ice a eeriairl"degree n'merafiuze 131153 exhaust m y nb r-s U in u o euizacen't said bepaztiaHy likewise premi fin o flisdsr he ds, erminels er pas- 1 I e lyat one ez E9 to the sham: H c said Weir jacket and cmmeetefi by means a,pipe 97 ze nert 92 z rgrenged upon the same 7 {A en ef the 32 31119" a tens eenteming the me: w m beemn in he the erenk shaft 9f sald engine,see figs. i, 6 germ fis water so pass PM. L I

caused; said $6 e 1 j r 92 ingtq Water .J sew s 0m whence it is (ESQ. red 12186 on che easing through the perizs 93 :yhgeh are erz gngedsecured is sglzc smelt- 1.1130; tee qpp 'e s; e 071 S336 vertgeal plgge,

'lereer arm. 18 epemand inte plpe is}; eoglciuets said we? I 1 t e :3 0fShe adjah is: $0 a slzifieble rad'ater, not shown 111 the sylmdegz byiews of an 1ntere1 wings, m? discharges the same if desired.

Animist perteug}; which the water 1's uppliefl ice d gu'panged Aer"eekets is en of on f preierebly sdg'aeent $0 the end the engine st hichthe gears 82 andSB are ieeatei aged eomrgmnieates with the inr easing109 which surrounds the edjeeent the I iew r the Water Lerier f gears 82and easing 100 is eiso previde side 03: sald, gs

e; "firth an iniei lOl'upqn the opposite semi gears from 1; e port 99 assrs are roasted file teeh thereof cre ate a suction Wnereby weter may bedrawn into said casm throu sald mlet 101 H 1 k Qasehegea ti'lrouggh shebe p rt 9 mp =L- water jackets 92 5 nd arougd the c finders of the 6thence upwardly through he pas e es the squereti thence through the pipe9? to the into the jackets S1 and from whence said wafei; is 'ihe spiralj discharged ti'lmugh the ports 93 into the .e miermediaee gee): simiiarta pipe 98, said gears 8.2 and 83 thereby p rprnvizied. intekeestiatethe gear 87 and forming a twefoli fqnctien. the gear of the firstadjacent wake in Suitable-spark plugs 11)? are provided for said etherswim. time opereing 'twlce as the cylinders 38, sni plugs being arrangedme 1 nstz"ameni:a1iin the cylinder heads thereef, the larger 2 cirswingsand i cylinders being provided with a pair of angles Witheut 1epposit-eiy disposed spark plugs 103. HIMBTZZRHQV n s-8 1 The genemieperati'on ef the engine here- *e specifically described is as follews:I g the pistons and valves to be in v t me Q" strated in Figs. l, 2, 4:,5,

5 the eylinclers 'r pr med by ilis letters A, B, G, D, E and F, theengine is started in the usual manner and moves the several ist ons 49and the valves 62 to draw in the c arges of combustible gases throughthe inlets 41 and slots 48 nd the ports in the valves adapted to alineherewith, while the burnt gases subsequent to the explosions aredischarged through the exhaust passages 57 58 and 59. By reference toFig. 1 it will be seen that the piston 49 in the cylinder A is on itsdownward movement, a charge having just been fired in said cylinder, thecrank pin for said piston in this case being two-thirds of a rotationdown. The piston in the chamber B is at its highest point, the cranktherefor being 120 behind the crank pin for the cylinder A. In thiscylinder B the charge has just been compressed and about to be firedwhich will give an added impulse to the crank shaft before the piston inthe cylinder A has arrived at its lowermost point and consequentlybefore the charge in said cylinder has been completely spent. In thecylinder O the piston is on its way up to compress a charge which hasbeen previously taken in, the crank operating said piston being 120behind the crank pin for the piston in the cylinder B. The conditions ofsaid several cylinders just mentioned will all be indicated by thesleeve valves 62 which show that each of said cylinders at this time areclosed.

It is the object of the invention to provide an explosion for everyrotation of each of the several cranks, thus insuring a substantiallyuniform application of energy to the crank shaft. To accomplish this thethree lower cylinders A, B, and G are fired, as just described, oneafter another and 120 apart but before the pistonin the chamber is firedsaid piston must be moved up 120 to compress the charge which has beenpreviously drawn thereinto. During the rotation of the crank shaftthrough said 120 the piston in the cylinder D will have-come pleted itssuction stroke which by the positions of the ports 41 and openings 64:will .56 be seen to be under way and as the explosion occurs in saidcylinder C the piston for said cylinder D will start to compressthe.charge therein and this charge will be fired as the exploded chargein the cylinder C has about completed its expansion. During the firingof the charge in the cylinder D the charge in cylinder E is beingcompressed While in the cylinder F the suction of the new charge willhave just been completed. Thus it will be seen that when one cylinder iscompressing another cylinder is discharging.

To accomplish the proper opening of the ports for the several cylinders,the sleeve valves 62 are operatively connected to the crank shaft 23 bythe shafts S0 and S4- and the gears thereon to rotate said sleeves onehalf a turn for each two rotations of said crank shaft, while the cam 74is arranged to elevate said valves twice during each complete rotationthereof. By reason of the above speed ratio the openings in the sleevevalves for the cylinders A, B, B respectively are arranged of a rotationapart, this being equivalent to a movement of the crank shaft 120, thusc ausing said openings to register with their proper ports in order tofire the charges and discharge,

the burnt gas in said several cylinders in the order hereinbeforedescribed.

During the operation of the engine as described the gears 82 and 83 areconstantly circulating the water through the water jackets 91 and 92around the various inlet passages and out through the pipe 98 to asuitable cooling device. By the close proximity of the passages of saidwater jacket to said exhaust passages and said inlet passages more orless of the heat contained in said exhaust gases will be absorbed bysaid water and in turn the heat of the inlet passages will be somewhatincreased and the charge heated before it is delivered to the.

cylinders, consequently increasing the efficiency thereof. 1 From-theforegoing description it will be seen that simple and etficient meansare provided for accomplishing the objects of the invention, but whilethe elements herein shown and described are well adapted to per form thefunctions set forth, it' is obvious that various minor changes may bemade in the proportions, shape and arrangement of the several parts andin the number of lin-v ders shown without departing from the irit andscope of the invention as defined i the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire by LettersPatent to secure is: t

= 1. An internal combustion engine, embodyvalve adapted to engage saidcam to recip-- rocate said valve during the rotary movements impartedthereto by said sleeve.

2. An internal combustion engine embodying. in its construction, acylinder provided with inlet and exhaust ports, a piston arranged insaid cylinder, a rotating reciprocatory valve adapted to open and closesaid ports, a gear surrounding said valve and operatively connectedthereto, means to ro- C D,Eand

tate said gear, and instrumentalities ren dered effective by theroiation of said gear adapted to impart acomhined rotating reciprocatingmovement to said valve to open and close said ports.

3. An internal combustion engine embodying, in its construction, aplurality of parallelly arranged cylinders provided with inlet andexhaust ports, a piston arranged in each oisaid cylinders, a cylindricalvalve for each of said cylinders adapted to be operated to open andclose said ports, means adapted to rotate one of said valves, means torotatably connect the other of said valves to said driven valve, andmeans rendered efi'ective by the rotation of each of said valves adaptedto impart a reciprocatory in: -vement to said valves respectively.

A n internal combustion engine emy g, in its construction, a casinghaving vindrical chamber, a portion of which tes an explosion cylinderprovided lot and exhaust ports, so id casing also n annular recessformed therein with said cylindrical chamber, a

*ith oppositely disposed longitumeans to rotate said member, a valvearranged in said cylindrical chamber provided "with openinfis adapted toaline With said inlet and exhaust ports, means on said valve adapted toengage said rotary member Within said longitudinal slots, a cylinderhead adapted to close theend of said cylinder and said annular recess.said cylinder head having a depending cylindrical member provided with acylindrical chamber constituting an explosion cylinder having inlet andexhaust ports, a cylindrical valve arranged in said first namedcylindrical chamber surrounding and adapted to fit said dependingcylindrical member, said valve having openinggs adapted to register withthe ports for said explosion cylinders respectively, a stationaryserpentine cam on said depending member, means to rotate said valve,means on said valve adapted to engage said cam to reciprocate said valveduring the rotary movements thereof, and. a piston having hearingmembers adapted to engage said' cylinders respectively impulsestherefrom.

An internal combustion engine embrg dying, in its construction, aplurality of sets of parallclly arranged cylinders arxan 'ed in a rowand in close proximity to eacn other, each of said sets including a pairof co-axially arranged cylinders, one

revolve explosion engine driven *nber arranged in said recess and ofwhich is smaller than the other, each so of said cylinders havingoppositely di need I inlet ports and oppositely disposed e aust ports, apiston for each ofsaid sets of cylinders, said pistons having'hearingmembers for said large and smaller cylinders respectively, a sleevevalve interposed between the large and smaller cylinders of each of saidsets, said valves having openings adapted to register with said inletports, and instrumentalities adapted to impart a rotating reciprocatorymovementto said valves to open and close said ports.

6. An internal combustion engineembodying, in its construction, aplurality 01' sets of parallelly arranged cylinders arranged in a rowand inclose proximity to each other, each of said sets including a pairof co-anially arranged cylinders, one of which is smaller than theother, each of said cylinders having oppositely disposed inlet portsand'oppositely disposed exhaust ports, a piston for each of said sets ofcylinders, said pistons having bearing members for said large andsmaller cylinders respectively, a sleeve valve interposed between thelarge and smaller cylinders of each of said sets, said valves havingopenings adapted to register with said inlet ports, and instrmentali-ties adapted to simultaneously impart a rotating reciprocatorymovement to said valves to open and close said ports.

7. An internal combustion engine embodying, in its construction, aplurality of sets of parallelly arranged cylinders arranged a ZO'W andin close proximity to each other, each of said sets including a, pair ofco-axially arranged cylinders, one of which is smaller than the other,each of said cylinders having oppositely disposed inlet ports andoppositely disposed exhaust ports, a piston for each of said sets ofcylinders, said pistons having: l'icaring members for said large andsmaller cylinders respectively, a sleeve valve inter- I posed betweenthe large and smaller cylin- 105 ders of each of said sets, said valveshaving openings adapted to register with said ports, andinstrumentalities adapted to impart a rotating reciprocatory movement tosaid valves to open and closesaid ports.

in testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of twosubscribing Witnesses.

FREDERIC R. BARKER. Witnesses:

SYDNEY E. Terr, ANNIE J. BAILEY.

